What is classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning refers to the process by which an associative relationship is learned between a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) and a biologically relevant unconditioned stimulus (US). 

The phenomenon was first documented by Ivan Pavlov, who observed that after repeated exposure to a bell ringing when food was presented, his dogs would eventually salivate simply upon hearing a bell ring, even in the absence of food. 

Related Psychology A Level answers

All answers ▸

Please explain the three types of data you will need to know for A-Level Psychology. Give examples of each.


Briefly outline and evaluate the cognitive interview.


Explain the meaning of reciprocity in regards to caregiver-infant interactions. (2 marks)


Explain what is meant by 'operant conditioning'.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo
Cookie Preferences