Why is the concept of original sin an essential value of Conservatism? (16 marks)

The concept of original sin is a pivotal reference point whilst studying Conservatism. The profound beliefs towards human nature are underpinned by the doctrine of original sin, that all humans are born flawed and cannot be perfected.Traditional Conservatives have always been marginally sceptical of human nature and are generally pessimistic of their attitudes towards it. In Hobbes' vital works of Leviathon, he argues that order is pivotal to preserving traditional institutions. It is this fundamental reflection of original sin that drives traditional conservatives to favour continuity and preservation. As stated by Edmund burke, Conservatism is a concept and a contract 'between those who are living, those who are dead and those who are yet to be born'; without tradition, the doctrine of original sin states that unstable societies and a lack of authority will lead to feared anarchism and chaotic revolution. Traditional Conservatives favour upholding traditional institutions such as the monarchy, church and the family to create a stable society which will prevent humans from fulfilling their natural state.Pragmatic Conservatism is also underpinned by the concept of original sin to prevent revolution and opposition. In order to prevent the natural state of human nature from arising, modern conservatives believe that pragmatism is vital in repressing the state of nature. For example, in the 1880s Disraeli's pragmatic approach to extending the franchise was thought to be a result of liberal pressures, therefore preventing chaos and opposition. Similarly, the acceptance of the Labour implementation of the NHS in the 1940, displayed the UK Conservative Party's pragmatic approach in preventing a socialist revolution. Additionally, a new modern and pragmatic approach to politics by conservatives in order to prevent opposition, can be seen in David Cameron's stance on gay marriage in 2014, himself stating 'I support gay marriage because I am a conservative', suggesting the need to adapt to a developing society. The paternalistic nature and ideals put forth by conservatives are also underpinned by the doctrine of original sin and enforces the idea of the organic society in order to prevent social inequalities. The conservative concept of noblesse oblige is upheld by the doctrine of original sim, given the fact that conservatives must favour order over their understanding of hierarchical propositions.To summarise, the concept of original sin is fundamental to conservatism as it displays their pessimistic view towards human nature. It remains a pivotal reference point in conservative thinking when understanding other ideological concepts.