Essentially there are several features of a market structure which determines why monopolies are able to profit maximise.
Very small number of sellers in the given market, In a pure monopoly there is only one seller, however in real life firms with over 25% market share are considered monopolies. some examples are usually very few utility providers- natural monopolyThe product is unique there aren't many alternatives.The firm is a price maker not a price taker, holds the market power over the consumerConsumers may or may not have perfect knowledge.There are barriers to entry, with the example of the natural monopolies you have to build the national grid build power stations, high sunk costs- barriers to exit