How does adrenaline, using the second messenger model, cause glycogenolysis?

First of all, it is best to understand what glycogenolysis actually is. It is the breakdown of glycogen to form glucose and can be used by the liver to combat low blood glucose levels.
Firstly, adrenaline binds to a trans-membrane protein receptor within the surface-cell membrane of a liver cell (this is a protein that goes across the cell membrane). This binding of the adrenaline causes the protein to change shape on the inside of the cell-surface membrane. This change of the 3D shape of the protein leads to an enzyme called adenyl cyclase being activated. Adenyl cyclase then catlyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP (cyclic AMP). This cAMP is the second messenger that gives the model its name. The cAMP the binds to a protein kinase enzyme, this binding then activates the previously inactive protein kinase enzyme. The now active form of the protein kinase enzyme catalyses the formation of glucose from the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis). This new glucose then moves out of the cells through channel proteins and into the bloodstream.

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

When is Chi-squared the most appropriate statistical test to use?


Explain why multicellular organisms needs to develop a specialised exchange system and transport system, yet unicellular organisms do not


Maltose is hydrolysed by the enzyme maltase. Explain why maltase catalyses only this reaction (3 marks)


Explain why the body tenses up in rigor mortis


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2024

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences