Sugarman identified four key features of the working class subculture, what were they called, and what did he mean by the terms?

The first, is 'Fatalism' - by this Sugarman meant that the working class had a fatalist mentality, meaning they believed there was nothing they could do to change their status. The second, is 'Collectivism' - which meant that the working class valued being a part of a group rather than succeeding as an individual.The third, is 'Immediate Gratification' - which is the act of demanding pleasure now, rather than waiting for better quality rewards later.The fourth is, 'Present-time Orientation' - which is the idea that working class individuals view the present as more important than the future, and consequently they cannot form long-term goals.