Civil War was the most important factor:-War Communism was implemented under the Civil War, which included nationalisation and requisitioning of grain-Famine due to War Communism considerably weakened the country, meaning little opposition to centralisation of power-Consolidated the organisation of the Party as strict positions were needed for the war effort- for example Trotsky as the Commissar of War-Stripped all power from opponents who fought as the Whites/ Greens against the Reds- Liberals, Nationalists, Tsarists, Peasants etc-Suppression of the Tambov Uprising and the Kronstadt Mutiny
Civil War didn’t centralise power:-The country was in chaos for a long period of time due to the war and the famine-Much of the country/ population were lost due to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, meaning that complete power over all of the ‘Empire’ wasn’t possible-Opponents to the Reds were backed by the Allies in Europe, so international power wasn’t coveted by the Bolshevik government