The quadratic formula is used to find the roots of a quadratic equation which comes in this form:
y = ax2 + bx + c
By finding the roots, we mean that we find the values of x when y equals zero. Visually, this is when the graph of the equation crosses the x axis. To do this, we set y = 0 and do a method called 'completing the square'. Then we do a bit of rearranging to make x the subject of the equation, mean x = a number.
Here is the derivation:
y = ax2 + bx + c
0 = a(x2 + (b/a)x) + c
0 = a((x + (b/2a))2 - (b/2a)2) + c
0 = a(x + (b/2a))2 - (b2/4a) + c
(b2/4a) - c = a(x + (b/2a))2
b2 - 4ac = 4a2(x + (b/2a))2
(b2 - 4ac)/4a2 = (x + (b/2a))2
((b2 - 4ac)/4a2 )1/2 = x + (b/2a)
(b2 - 4ac)1/2/2a = x + (b/2a)
-b/2a + (b2 - 4ac)1/2/2a = x
x = (-b +- (b2 - 4ac)1/2)/2a
This is the quadratic formula! All we do now is substitute in values for a,b and c to get 2 values for x.