Why is there both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthesis? (A level)

Non-Cyclic photophosphorylation is a linear process involving the entire electron transport chain. The products of non-cyclic photophosphorylation are ATP (generated by a build up of H+ inside the lumen of the thylakoids, which then drive ATP synthase) and NADPH (generated using the protein NADPH reductase at the end of the electron transport chain, where an e- reduces NADP+). This process requires both PSII and PSI to keep the e- in an excited state.
Cyclic photophosphorylation involves a section of the electron transport chain. It does not produce NADPH as the e- does not reach NADPH reductase. Instead the path of the e- returns to the cytochrome complex and cycles through PSI only. The cytochrome complex uses the e- to pump H+ in to the lumen of the thylakoid, and helps build the H+ gradient which drives ATP synthase. Cells may switch to Cyclic photophosphorylation when the concentration of NADPH is too high (NADPH not required) or is ATP demands are particularly high, OR/AND this may help protect the cell from getting overly damaged from light (“photoprotective”) and help repair it.

Answered by Flo A. Biology tutor

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