Explain the variation of atomic radius along a period and along a group of the Periodic Table

The atomic radius is mostly influenced by the electron cloud and its interaction with the nucleus.Along a period, the atomic number increases, which indicates that the number of electrons also increases, given that an atom is a neutral species. However, the added electrons remain in the same orbital. At the same time, the number of protons increases, increasing the nucleus-electron cloud attraction. This overpowers the increment in electrons, so the atomic radius decreases.Along a group, however, the electrons are added to a new, more peripheral orbital. As such, this growth in volume is not compensated by the nucleus-electron cloud attraction, even though the number of protons is increasing. Thus, the radius increases.

MC
Answered by Madalena C. Chemistry tutor

3021 Views

See similar Chemistry A Level tutors

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

What is meant by terms 'saturated' and 'unsaturated' when applied to alkanes and alkenes? Describe a chemical test to distinguish between the liquids hexane and hexene.


Periodicity shows a fairly smooth increasing trend across a period for ionisation energy. However, between groups 2 & 3 and groups 5 & 6, the trend doesn't appear to be followed. Using your knowledge of chemistry, explain why the trend isn't followed here


Which of Na+ and Mg2+ is the smaller ion. Explain your answer. (2 marks)


Give the reagents required for the nitration of toluene (methylbenzene) to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and provide a mechanism.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2026 by IXL Learning