How do you differentiate? And how is integration related to it?

Differentiation is pretty simple! It has a set of instructions you need to follow and then you should be good to go!

For example, differentiate x^6
The first step is to bring down the power and multiply it with the coefficient of x (which in this case is 1 : 1x^6)
The second step is to take one away from the power so 6-1=5
The final answer is 6x^5

This is the basics of differentation and works for everything! 

Integration is the opposite of differentation. However, just undo-ing the steps above only works for linear expressions, for others it's a bit more complex so just working your way back wouldn't work!