Identify period of language e.g. Old English: 450-1100 AD (highly unlikely) Middle English: 1100- 1450 Early Modern English : 1450- 1700 (most likely) Modern English: 1700- 1900 Present English: ( a modern text is most likely to be used as one text to compare)
Identify any differences in language:Two Examples:Semantic fields that differ in the texts or are the same- what could this portray of the time period as well as intended audience? (a good example would be a Middle English/ EME text using a semantic field of nature to explain medicine- this would show how medicine practice has evolved over time)Concrete nouns- is capitalisation in an older text standard for our Modern grammar rules? If not analyse the change of language based on Semantic narrowing over time (meaning less generalised in modern language). Also link this to function of text- use of place names benefits function to inform.
Link to Theories:Two Examples:Link semantic field to Grice's Maxims- Does this break the Maxim of Relevance?If yes why would the text achieve this?> vagueness could link to historical period- lack of knowledge into subject matter. Also could present function e.g. breaking maxim of relevance to advertise their own product would link to persuade.Touch on Gender theories do not focus on it e.g. Deborah Tannen suggested men and women language broken into categories (Men give information versus women's feelings) However Concrete nouns rather shows that the author is using concrete language to informative as to fit the function rather than presenting a gender-based language preference. Could tie to Joos Formality Scale of 'Formal Language'
If possible refer to historically important language development periods.EME- King James' Bible standardising English - 1611ME- Samuel Johnson's dictionary- 1755
Any orthographical features could be referred to.The final <e> - use is mostly decoration however has diacritic status (changes pronunciation) and indicates length of preceding vowel.Or <i> and <y> interchangeable in use of minim (stroke letters) such as <m>, <n> and <u>. However standardised to a vowel and consonant.
Conclude all ideas possibly briefly touching on any missed features that support Mode, Field, Function and Audience and main differences/ similarities between two.
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