When deciding where to take a phrase, look at the final 3 or 4 notes of the phrase. This will give you an indication of the chord you will use as a pivot chord.Pivot chords are essential for modulating through a phrase. They are chords that are common to both keys ie. the original key and the key you are wishing to travel too.If you're stuck with parallels or can't find a pivot chord that works, I would recommend trying to modulate to a different key with a different cadence. If this yields no results, try pivoting earlier in the phrase.Remember, always rely on your primary chords when in trouble (I, IV, V), try these in first inversion as well as root position (be careful not to double any thirds!)