The procedure of mathematical induction is as following:
Firstly prove the base case is true i.e. when n=1, the statement is true.
Then assume for some integer n=k the statement is true, and then prove the case n=k+1, the statement is true.
Make a conclusion that by mathematical induction, the statement is true.
For this particular question, the base case is when n=0, the statement is true, since it is asked for 'all non-negative integers'. It is because 112x0+250+22=24 is divisible by 24 (24=24x1).
Then let's say P(n) is the proposition that 112n + 25n + 22 is divisible by 24. Assuming that P(k) is true for some integer k=n, then 112k + 25k+ 22 is divisible by 24.
The most important step comes: we then prove that P(k+1) is true. i.e. 112k+2 + 25k+1 + 22 is divisible by 24.
It is true because 112k+2 + 25k+1 + 22=121x 112k+25x25k+22=(120 + 1)112k + (24 + 1)25k + 22= (120 x112k + 24 x25k)+ (112k + 25k+ 22). Expressions in both brackets are divisible by 24. so P(k+1) is true.
Then we are done. We could conclude that by mathematical induction the statement is true for all non-negative integers.
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