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A covalent bond is formed between non-metal ions which share some of their outer shell electrons so that each atom has a stable inert gas configuration.

If a reaction at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, pressure or temperature, the position of equilibrium will move to counteract that change.

Copper, Zinc, Carbon, Aluminium, Sodium
Copper and Zinc can be extracted from their ores by carbon, as they are less reactive than carbon.

Pressure only effects those elements that are in Gaseous state. Therefor when you increase the pressure in a reaction the gas molecules are closer together, there is an increase in density of molecules. W...

Structure - central nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by electrons
Charge - proton = +1, neutron = 0 and electron = -1
Mass - number of protons + number of neutrons