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Kin selection / Inclusive fitness - if the helper and receiver are related, then they share some of their genes. By helping a relative, you are increasing the likelihood of them passing on their genes, so...

All vertebrates have a vertebral column or backbone. As chordates, all vertebrates have a similar anatomy and morphology with the same qualifying characteristics: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, ...

In the mid-19th century Gregor Mendel carried out breeding experiments on plants. He worked on the characteristics of pea plants. One of his observations was that the inheritance of each characteristic is...