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Transcription and translation are processes that result in gene expression through the synthesis of proteins based upon the reading of genes by molecular machines. These processes arise from the action of...

PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It is an experimental technique used to amplify a sample of DNA. It requires a number of things: a DNA sample, oligonucleotide primers for either side of the desi...

Antibodies are made from 4 chains of peptides, two heavy chains and two light chains. There is also a constant region (Fc) and a variable region (Fab) which are used to bind to cells and antigens respecti...

Muscle is made of many myofibrils. These contain many myofilaments. Within each myofilaments is a string of sarcomeres. Each sarcomere contains myosin (thick filaments) and actin (thin filaments). Myosin ...

White blood cells can kill pathogens in multiple ways, one of these is called phagocytosis. During phagocytosis, a specific white blood cell called a phagocyte recognises the bacteria through a process ca...