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Protein structure is determined by amino acid sequence. Each amino acid is coded for by a triplet of RNA bases. These are transcribed from a DNA molecule. If a DNA base is substituted for another base, th...

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Water has a very high specific heat capacity due to the collective forces of the many hydrogen bonds. A lot of energy goes into breaking these bonds rather than raising the temperature of the water, hence...

This question asks about nerve action potential generation. There are a couple of clues - these include 'voltage-gated sodium channels' and 'paralysis' which suggests the idea of failure of impulse transm...

For non-polar small molecules simple diffusion down a concentration gradient through the phospholipid bilayer is possible as it is soluble in the hydrophobic fatty acid tails of the membrane. An example o...