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• Forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates
• Concentration of reactants and products remains constant

Enthalpy change refers to the change in heat pressure given out or taken in by a system when the pressure is constant.

A substance that can accept a proton (H+)

A substance that donates a proton (H+)

The valence electrons of transition metals are found in d-orbitals. When the metal ion forms a complex with ligands the d-orbitals split into two different energy levels, and the gap between these levels ...