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One of the first cells to respond to an infection will be a phagocyteThese migrate to the pathogen (foreign object with potential to cause disease)They engulf the phagocyte in a process known as phagocyto...

During vigorous exercise, muscles are not supplied with enough oxygen. This means that cells have to respire anaerobically. Anaerobic respiration involves no oxygen. This leads to a build-up of lactic aci...

In hot and dry climates plants will have an increased rate of transpiration, the release of water through the stomata of plant cells. In dry conditions there is a lack of water and as such, plants need to...

shivering - muscles contract rapidly, causes more respiration which releases energy blood vessels near skin constrict - blood flow to skin decreases, less energy lost to surroundings

The first thing to remember is that muscles always act in pairs; so when one contracts, the other relaxes. Think of the muscles in your arm; when you bend your arm towards you, the bicep contracts so beco...