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A genotype refers to the combination of alleles present that give rise to a certain characteristic.A phenotype refers to the actual physical characteristic as it is seen.An example would be whereby a flow...

Blood will flow between the right and left ventricles. This means that both sides of the heart will contain a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Therefore, the blood sent around the body via th...

Definition of enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy , with no effect on equilibrium. They are proteins that have a specific shape . For the enz...

The first step is to read the question and ensure that the student understands all of the terminology. For example, make sure the student knows what is meant by ‘explain’, ‘enzyme’, and ‘denatured’. Then ...

A vaccine is a dead or attenuated (weakened) form the pathogen. When injected into the host, the antigens on the surface of the pathogen generate an immune response. This stimulates the production of whit...