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The external intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs upwards and outwards. At the same time the muscles of the diaphragm contract, pulling the diaphragm down and causing it to flatten. Both of thes...

Function: Mitosis is used in the replication of body cells. It occurs every day to replace cells that have died or have been damaged, for growth and also in asexual reproduction. Meiosis is used to produc...

Bile is alkaline, so it neutralises the hydrochloric acid from the stomach. This creates the right pH for the enzymes working in the intestine. As well as this, bile is an emulsifier. It breaks up big dro...

The human circulatory system consists of the heart - a pump and a series of tubes - the blood vessels containing the blood. There is an atrium and a ventricle on each side of the heart and the two sides c...

Antibiotics are used for killing bacteria and therefore, it can act as a selection pressure. This means that the bacteria can mutate, in order to avoid being killed and this would be a favourable mutation...