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Use a clean platinum wire loop. To clean the loop, dip in dilute HCl and hold in flame until the flame burns without any colour. Then dip clean loop into samples. Li+ turns the flame red, Na+ yellow\orang...

More reactive halogens displace less reactive halogens. The more reactive halogens are those at the top of the group, as their outer electron shells (negatively charged) are closer to the nucleus (positiv...

The Avogrados constant the number of atoms in a mole. This is 6.02 x10^23.
The number of moles are calculated through diving the mass (g) by the relative molecular mass of an element.

As the water (the solvent) moves up the paper it carries the ink with it, but the dyes in the ink are differently soluble in the solvent AND the dyes are differently attracted to the paper, therefore the ...

In order to assign O's e- configuration we need to find it on the periodic table. We can see it is on the 2nd period and in group 6 (also sometimes called 16). This means it fills 2 shells and has 6 valen...