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The material is made up from nylon laminated with a PTFE / polyurethane membrane. The membrane is too fragile on its own hence why it is com...

Reactivity increases down the group.

This is because the outer electron in each atom is further away from the nucleus as you go down the group and so the electrostatic forces between the ...

Overall, the general trend is an increase across the period.

The decrease in shielding (as outer electrons are less influenced by the nucleus) is outweighed by an increased nuclear charge...

Acids are substances that dissolve in water to generate an excess of H⁺ ions. They react with bases to produce a salt and water. With metal carbonates, products include a salt of that metal (de...

Metals have a number of physical properties which make them useful to us in society, and which you will be familiar with from everyday experience. By considering the structure and bonding of metals whi...