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As you descend group 1, there is an increasing number of electron shells, therefore increasing the distance between the positive nucleus and the negative outer electron which decreases the attraction betw...

This is an example of ionic bonding, meaning that the cation (calcium) will lose electrons and the anion (chloride) will gain electrons so all ions will have a full outer shell.Calcium will form a 2+ ion,...

Each carbon atom in graphite forms 3 covalent bonds, which means there is one delocalised electron per carbon atom. These delocalised electrons can move through graphite and carry charge.

7 electrons.

Chemical reactions occur when reacting particles collide with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy. By increasing the concentration of reactants, there are more reacting particl...