Search over 10,000 free study notes

Hydrogen fuel cells are really important as they can be used to power electrical cars, so it's something that a lot of scientists are looking into at the moment. We need to balance this equation, so we ne...

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, IodineIf you write the electronic structure to start, F = 2,7, Cl = 2, 8, 7, Br = 2, 8, 8, 7, I = 2, 8, 8, 8, 7. This shows that they all have 7 outer electrons so we can tell...

The mutual electrostatic attraction between pairs of oppositely charged ions. Usually the metal atom loses electrons to become a positively charged cation where as the non metal atom gains electrons to b...

The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
The equation for the first ionisation of Chlorine is: Cl (g) --> Cl+ (g) + e-

NaCl is an example of a covalent structure, where electrons are shared between the atoms in covalent bonds. Graphite has a giant covalent structure with the covalently bonded carbon atoms arranged in laye...