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The relative atomic mass (A_r ) is calculated from 2 things : mass numbers of its isotopes and abundance of these isotopes.Let's use Chlorine as an example. Chlorine naturally exists as two isot...

All atoms are neutral because all atoms have the same number of protons as they have electrons. Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that surround their nucleus in shells. The nucleus contains pro...

I'd start by asking the student what they knew about the structures of diamond and graphite, and asking them what they understood by the keyword "allotrope". If they were able to draw/ describe ...

Periodicity:As you move across the row the atomic number increases, ie an additional proton is added for each additional element, this is what makes them different elements rather than isotopes of the sam...

Define cis and trans alkenes:Carbon to carbon single bonds can freely rotate to give a carbon chain that can take on a number of shapes (this is to do with the overlap of p - orbitals to ...