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Background knowledge Boiling point reflects the strength of intermolecular forces. The more attracted molecules are to each other, the more energy is needed to separate them and tu...

A chiral carbon is a carbon atom that is attached to 4 different types of atoms or groups of atoms.

The acidity of a compound is measured by its pKa, which is defined as: pKa=-log([H⁺]) ([H⁺] is the concentration of H⁺ in solution). As [H⁺] increases, pKa decr...

By the VSEPR (Valence shell electron pairs repulsions) theory, even though there are four electron pairs on C and N, the presence of a lone pair of electrons on N increases the repulsions, meaning that th...

Sigma bonds form as a result of end on overlap of orbitals (pp, ss or sp) along the axis between two atoms' nuclei. Pi bonds form because of parallel overlap between p orbitals. A sigma bond forms a singl...