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This question from an IB philosophy exam gives an opportunity to discuss Plato’s epistemology in books V–VII his Republic with a focus in one of its classical analogies: the divided line. Plato s...

Before I can begin to answer the question at hand, it is useful to first clarify the key terms iterated. By Deontological, I am referring to ethical theories that place a great focus on motivations that d...

In the modal argument, Descartes attempts to support his theory of substance dualism by arguing that the only thing we can be absolutely certain of is our own mental existence. This argument is best captu...

One of the most important objections to utilitarianism is the objection from moral dilemmas. If one course of action can bring about more 'utility' or flourishing than another, then it is the moral thing ...

Descartes argues that there is a fundamental essential difference mind and body. The mind is characterized as a res cogitans: it is that which thinks, its characteristic action is thought, it has no exten...