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The DNA in the parent cell is made up of two strands. We know that each daughter cell needs to contain two strands with the same information after DNA replication. There are three ways we could produce th...

First, drugs are tested on human cells and tissues, it is then tested on two different mammals. The final stage has two parts, the drug is initially tested on healthy human volunteers and they are given i...

Apparatus is set up by first adding the pondweed to a beaker filled with water. The beaker has been sealed and any gas produced by will be collected by a syringe. Light will be provided by a lamp and its ...

1. Base insertion/addition. This is when a base pair is added to a sequence - for example AGTCGTAGC could become AGTCGATAGC. In this situation, a frame shift occurs, and every c...

Phagocytosis. Macrophage picks up signals of pathogen, extends cytoplasm around pathogen and engulfs it in a vesicle. Lysosomes diffuse towards the vesicle through the cytoplasm, fuse and the (lytic) enzy...