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In the Loop of Henle. Here a salt gradient is established as the loop of Henle is permeable to both water and salts such as sodium.

Neither diffusion or osmosis require an input of energy and result from molecules moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration. This is movement down the concentration gradient.All gasse...

At the axon terminal of a motor neurone, an action potential arrives and triggers an influx of calcium ions. These calcium ions cause vesicles containing Acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter that works on ch...

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is done through a semi-permeable membrane. The aim is to have the same concentration of ...

Since the spirometer is a closed system, over time the oxygen concentration will decrease and therefore the oxygen concentration in the blood per inhalation will decrease. When the blood reaches the medul...