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Blood glucose level is controlled by two hormones, insulin and glucagon. These are produced by the pancreas. If the blood glucose (sugar) level is too high, then insulin is released. This causes glucose i...

The refractory period is a period of recovery after an action potential where the ion channels will not open and the membrane can't be excited or depolar...

The order of the amino acids (primary structure) in the two proteins may be different. This can result in ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonds to form in different locations in each protein. Such differen...

Endonucleases cut DNA at palindromic sites producing 'sticky ends'. The endonuclease cuts the plasmid DNA and the DNA to be inserted at the same palindromic site. The sticky ends of the plasmid DNA and th...

Photosynthesis occurs in the leaf (source), making sugars: fructose and glucose. These are converted to sucrose and are actively transported into the phloem (sieve tube element) by companion cells. The in...