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Explain the role of the coenzymes NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation and why it is significant. (6 marks)

NADH and FADH2 oxidised to NAD and FAD in the marix by electron carrier proteins in the inter mitochondrial membrane.This liberates

Answered by • Biology tutor

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How do the properties of water make it a suitable environment for many organisms?

Water has an extremely high specific heat capacity. This means it requires large amounts of energy to increase its temperature, making it a constant environment. When water freezes the structure changes. ...

Answered by • Biology tutor

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Can you explain the importance of the refractory period within the axon?

The refractory period means that another action potential cannot be generated.This is important as it allows the action potential to not propagate back but reset via the sodium-potassium pump, to restore ...

Answered by Eve L. • Biology tutor

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Give examples of some factors that increase the rate of diffusion.

Temperature: An increase in temperature increases diffusion rate. Concentration gradient (difference in concentration): A greater concentration gradient increases diffusion rate. Surface area of a membran...

Answered by Miya A. • Biology tutor

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What is chemiosmosis?

If osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane, then chemiosmosis is the same, but for chemicals. Let's consider the mitochondria, which has a double membrane envelope, and let'...

Answered by Jeremy B. • Biology tutor

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