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1. A neuronal action potential depolarises the pre-synaptic membrane (neuron 1) causing voltage-gated calcium channels to open.2) Extracellular calcium ions bind to receptors on the pre-synaptic membra...

The human body possesses a double circulatory system, in which blood passes through the heart in two cycles. In the first cycle, the right ventricle only pumps blood as far as the lungs (to enable oxygena...

1. Some types e.g. macrophages can engulf and digest pathogens, killing them
   2) Produce antibodies which recognise and target specific pathogens, thus preventing secondary infection
   3) Produc...

mRNA is a molecule produced in the process of transcription, the first stage of protein synthesis from a DNA molecule. First, DNA Helicase, an enzyme, is used to break the hydrogen bonds holding the doubl...

A mutualistic symbiotic relationship is a relationship between 2 different species where both species benefit. For example, the relationship between a plant and its pollinators is a mutualistic symbiotic ...