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The three different types, sensory, relay and motor neurons can all be used in a reflex arc; a relay neuron is not always necessary but often is included. It is easiest to remember them in that order as t...

When water levels are low in the blood, osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and trigger the posterior pituitary gland to release a hormone called ADH. ADH binds to receptors on the cell m...

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that ensures important certain chemical reactions can take place. They speed up the rate of a reaction without being used up or changed. Maltase is an example of an enzy...

Polymerase Chain Reaction is an in vitro method used to amplify DNA fragments. It consists of three main steps, which are: (1) denaturing, (2) annealing, (3) and extension. During denaturation, ...

The heartbeat is started at a specialised area of the right atrium, known as the sinoatrial node (SAN); the SAN sends out the waves of depolarisation, resulting in contraction of the card...