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A womens menstrual cycle is on average 28 days long. Hormone release occurs due to signals from the brain. Days 1-5 is when a period occurs and levels of all hormones are low. After this, LH (luteinizing ...

When impulse arrives at pre-synaptic terminal, the depolarisation opens the voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels. This causes Ca2+ to enter synapse due to differences in concentration. This causes the vesicles...

The membrane of the phagocyte surrounds the pathogen and engulfs the pathogen. Enzymes inside the phagocyte break down the pathogen and destroy it. Pathogen proteins can then be presented on the surface o...

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are produced by identical immune cell clones that only target one specific antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are produced after the target antigen i...