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DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs in the double-stranded DNA. RNA nucleotides then line up beside their corresponding nitrogenous base (A-T, C-G) along the template strand of t...

A phagocyte will engulf the pathogen by endocytosis. The vesicle containing the pathogen will fuse with the lysosome where it is degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Short peptides of the pathogen will be disp...

Mutation can result in changes to a proteins primary, secondary and tertiary structure. Deletion mutations and mutations resulting in a new stop codon can result in the <...

A reflex arc is the nerve pathway which follows a reflex action. First a stimulus, like a pin prick, is detected by receptors in the skin. A sensory neurone then sends electrical impulses to a relay neuro...

ADH or Anti Diuretic Hormone is a hormone that regulates the amount of water absorbed in the kidney. It acts on the collecting duct of the kidney, which is the last part of the nephron (a single functiona...