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The first part of aerobic respiration is to convert glucose into pyruvate in a series of reactions known as glycolysis, which happens in the cytoplasm of cells. Glycolysis consumes 2 molecules of ATP and ...

The action potential arrives at the presynaptic knob and causes the depolarisation of the plasma membrane. This causes voltage gated calcium channels to open allowing calcium to diffuse into the presynapt...

The cellular mechanism for increases in MPS post exercise is regulated through the activation of downstream components of mTOR signalling pathway (4EBP1 Thr37/46 and S6K1 Thr389) (Dreyer et al., 2006). St...

Pupils can either dilate or constrict in response to changes in light intensity.

In very bright light - the eyes constrict - as a protective mechanism
In very dull light/dark conditions - ...

In a population, random mutations of alleles will produce variation. Some of these mutations might be really helpful for the organism that has them and helps them to survive in their environment better. T...