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The saturation curve of haemoglobin shows positive cooperativity. Initially, the porphyrin ring of the haem prosthetic group in haemoglobin is dome-shaped. When one molecule of oxygen binds one of the fou...

Myelination of an axon makes propagation of action potentials along it much faster. In unmyelinated axons, the action potential is constantly regenerated by active propagation, with the depolarisation cau...

Mitosis is the process in which a cell divides into two new cells. Cells contain DNA in the form of chromosomes as well as organelles such as ribosomes and mitochondria. Therefore if a cell is to divide i...

Translation is one of the main processes of the Central Dogma of Biology. Once the DNA has been transformed to RNA, the RNA goes through the splicing process. The spliced isoform then goes through the pr...

The end walls are removed from each end, forming an uninterrupted tube, so water can pass through easily.Their walls are thickened with a woody substance called lignin, w...