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Transcription is the process where a segment of DNA is copied into a segment of mRNA. This takes place in the nucleus. First the segment of DNA needs to be unzipped, so an enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds...

Complementary base pairing conserves information from DNA to polypeptides. This is because adenine always pairs up with thymine and guanine pairs up with cytosine. Complementary base pair...

Both are considered microorganisms but viruses are arguably not living organisms as they cannot reproduce without living hosts . Apart from this, viruses are much smaller than bacteria and differ in terms...

The role of a sperm cell is to fertilise an egg. The head contains the nucleus, which holds the male genetic material. It has a tail for swimming to the egg. It is packed with mitochondria to supply the e...

When an action potential arrives at the pre-synaptic knob voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, allowing calcium ions to diffuse into the synaptic knob. The influx of calcium ions causes neurotransmitt...