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Vaccination involves administering a dead or inactive form of a pathogen to a subject, which stimulates white blood cells into producing antibodies specific for that pathogen. If the subject encounters th...

Viruses are generally smaller than bacteria and are not living, whereas bacteria are considered as living species as a prokaryote. Viruses have no cytoplasm, cell membranes or cell wall and instead have a...

Mitosis is a process associated with organism growth, and it involves a tetraploid cell dividing to give two genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed, and it...

Doctors can ensure that there is a reduced number of antiobiotics prescribed for patients. They can also make sure that patients are fully evaluated so as to stop the prescription of antibiotics for viral...

The refractory period is composed of two parts. The first part is the absolute refractory period in which another action potential cannot be stimulated in the nerve. In the relative refractory period that...