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Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs when the body's immune system attacks beta cells within the Islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas. The immune system recognises pancreatic self-antigens as foreign and begi...

Mitosis is a form of cell division that produces genetically identical cells and it includes 4 main stages. Before Mitosis can occur the cell undergoes Interphase, in which DNA and organelles are replicat...

Carbon-containing compounds in organic waste are broken down by microorganism for respiration, releasing CO2 to the atmosphere. This CO2 is taken in by plants for photosynthesis to produce glucose, to be ...

As an action potential (AP) arrives at the synaptic knob and depolarises the presynaptic membrane, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open, allowing the entry of Ca2+ ions, This caues vesicles (membrane-bound or...

The lungs are made up of many air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli have many folds which create a large surface area.  The larger the surface area, the greater the area of alveolar cell membrane available...