Search over 10,000 free study notes

Enzymes are typically globular proteins that catalyse a specific reaction. Being proteins, enzymes have a well-defined overall conformation (shape), or 'tertiary structure', which allows formation of a ca...

Antibodies are produced by B cells, mostly by plasma cells, in response to signals from other cells of the immune system. They are also known as immunoglobulins and have a Y shaped structure.

When ...

It is a simple idea whereby we take new working genes, named wild types, and replace the faulty genes of some ones cells. This means the cells will then take up the new DNA and make a functional version o...

Only plant cells have a cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts.

Both plant and animal cells have a cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes and chromosomes.

We can break down the process of natural selection into a few steps: genetic variation within a population, a selective pressure which favours a particular trait, increased survival and therefore reproduc...