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Most proteins have 3 or 4 levels of structure which include the primary, secondary and tertiary structure, with many also having a Quaternary structure. Firstly, the primary structure is the unique sequen...

The process through which cells convert organic molecules into energy is called “respiration”. This process occurs in every cell of every organism and is vital to its survival.

Usually, respiration...

Taxonomy is how species are scientifically classified. Note, a species is a group of animals that are able to interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Species are organised into groups based on their evol...

Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. Amino acids are made up of a central carbon atom, joined to one hydrogen atom, an amine group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R group. The R group vari...

Proteins are polymers made of amino acids. Proteins are essential molecules. Among many other roles, they can catalyse numerous reactions within the body (these proteins are known as enzymes), they allow ...