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Hydrogen bonds are the strongest, which are possible only between H and F, O or N because of the difference in electronegativity; then, permanent dipole-permanent dipole interactions come second as they f...

Using the AQA specimen data sheet we see that the RAMs of the following elements areCa = 40.1H = 1.0C = 12.0O = 16.0Therefore the total mass for one mole isCa + 2x(H + C + O+O+O)= 40.1 + 2x(1+12+16+16+16)...

The Van der Waals force is the weakest of all the intermolecular forces. This interaction occurs between every molecule, over very small distances, and becomes weaker the further away the two molecules ar...

The ideal gas equation is given by pV = nRT, where p is pressure of the gas, V = volume, n = molar amount, T = temperature (in Kelvin!) and R is the gas constant which is given by 8.31 J / (K*mol). From t...

Protons have a +1 charge and electrons have a -1 charge. The overall charge on an atom is 0, therefore there must be an equal number of protons and electrons in an atom so that the charges cancel out. So ...