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Crude oil heated and fed into the bottom of the fractionating column as a vapour. The column is cooler at the top and hotter at the bottom of the column. The process works using the different boiling and ...

Covalent bonds are formed as a result of the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms in order to attain a full outer shell. This typically will happen between two non metals. An ionic bond has the sam...

We know that a reaction occurs spontaneously when ΔG<0 and that ΔG=ΔH-TΔS. So, we know that the reaction will be spontaneous when ΔH<TΔS.Its is given that ΔH and ΔS are <0 and that |ΔH|=3*|S|. Fr...

a) Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (+ and -). [1]b) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶ [1]c) Metallic bonding occurs throu...