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DNA requires one template strand that is conserved, in order for the nitrogenous bases to order themselves correctly in the new polynucleotide chain. This relies on the complimentary base pairing C-G and ...

The initial [-OH] is 0.250M since NaOH releases 1 mole of -OH per mole of base. Using Kw=[H+][-OH], [H+]=(110^-14)/0.250=410^-14M (note remember units). Hence the initial pH=-...

A catalyst increases the rate of the reaction because: 

• They provide an alternative energy pathway that has a lower activation energy 

• This means that more particles hav...

Reduction: loss of oxygen (or gain of electrons)

Heat is a form of energy - the more heat a particle has, the more energy it has, and so the faster it moves. This increases the number of collision is a set period of time, whilst also increasing the numb...