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All amino acids except glycine are chiral molecules. This is also known as optical isomerism.

This means that they form isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. Wh...

Amino acids are the monomers that form peptides and proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that contain an amino group (NH₂), carboxyl group (COOH) and R-group. The general formula is:...

Crude oil is composed of many hydrocarbons. The crude oil is heated to evaporate it and the vapour rises. There is a temperature gradient up the column (hotter at the bottom...

(Note: proton and ¹H⁺ are the same thing)

1. Draw a table with the following headings:

δ / ppm, integral, splitting, observations

2. Coun...

What is a buffer?

A buffer is a solution that resists a change in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It is composed of either a weak acid or a weak base wit...