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During fractional distillation, the process of heating a mixture is used to seperate fractions. Each fraction has a different boiling point. As we begin to heat the mixture, the substance...

During analysis of benzene we see that the bond lengths and angles are all the same. In the theoretical molecule however, due to the differing lengths of bonds between double and single bonds, the bond le...

Example: NaCl. Every element in group 1, including sodium, has one electron in its outer shell and it wants to lose this one electron to have only full shells. Everything in group 7, including chlorine, h...

Atomic radius increases
Although nuclear charge increases, this is outweighed by the increased shielding from inner shell electrons
Therefore, nuclear attraction to the delocalised electrons dec...

What is an atomic orbital? Electrons are not entirely confined within the atom. An orbital is the defined space around the central nucleus of an atom where electrons are predicted to be. Each can contain ...