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The action potential reaches the pre-synaptic knob causing depolarisation. This causes voltage-gated calcium channels in the pre-synaptic membrane to open. Calcium ions enter the pre-synaptic knob through...

The membrane around the presynaptic neurone depolarises This depolarisation causes Ca2+ voltage-gated channels to open and Ca2+ influxesCa2+ causes vesicles with specific neurotransmitters to migrate to t...

The gas exchange of O2 and CO2 must occur between the air-filled alveoli of the lungs and our blood circulation running through our vessels. Near our lung alveoli lie capillaries coat the alveoli. The cap...

The binding of the first oxygen changes the tertiary structure of the haemoglobin. This uncovers the second binding site, allowing the second oxygen to bind.

PrimaryThe amine group of one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another during a condensation reaction to form a peptide bond. The products of this reaction are a dipept...