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Respiration can be broken down into four main stages: glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the process through which gluco...

During anaerobic respiration only glycolysis can occur as oxygen is not present to act as the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation, therefore only substrate level phosphorylation can occur...

There are 4 stages to the response of B lymphocytes upon contact with antigens. These are antigen presentation, clonal selection, clonal expansion and differentiation. During antigen presentation the lymp...

The primary structure of a protein consists of a sequence of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. This is known as a polypeptide chain, which undergoes the most basic level of folding in the shap...

(a) First of all, we have to determine V_max by using the graph provided. Try drawing a straight line parallel to the x-axis that is very close to the graph and almost s...